As Polymarket and Kalshi continue to grow in popularity, they have worked with social media accounts claiming to be breaking ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Abstract: In this letter, we present new closed-form formulas for the exact average symbol-error rate (SER) of binary and M-ary signals over Nakagami-m fading ...

Abstract: The $\alpha-\eta-\mathcal{F}$ and $\alpha-\kappa-\mathcal{F}$ composite fading models are comprehensive and adaptable, taking into account the impacts of multipath, shadowing, and ...

Classical conditioning is a way to learn using unconscious associations. Pavlov discovered classical conditioning when dogs started to salivate at the sound of a bell before they got food. The ...

Eye color is determined by the amounts of melanin, pheomelanin, and eumelanin in the iris. Babies' eye color may change until about 1 year old, as most pigment is produced in the first six months.

Below-the-Line (BTL) Testing with Hypergeometric Sampling Goal: Find false negatives (missed fraud cases) by testing unflagged transactions. Approach: Use Hypergeometric Distribution to estimate the ...